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This document specifies the classification imperfections likely to be generated during an additive manufacturing process by DED for metallic parts. This document also indicates the most probable causes of the formation of imperfections and includes illustrations. Acceptance criteria for imperfections are not included in this document.

ISO 18490:2015 specifies the form of the optotype, the quality requirements for the chart, the test procedure, and the acceptance level for near vision acuity of NDT personnel. It also addresses the qualification requirements for personnel permitted to carry out the test. ISO 18490:2015 only addresses near vision acuity under defined conditions similar to those encountered during routine NDT inspection. It does not address an individual's overall visual acuity and users are advised to consider the need for a general eye examination by specialist medical personnel to ensure general vision acuity is appropriate for job function. ISO 18490:2015 does not address colour vision requirements.

1.1 Purpose This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel performing non-destructive testing (NDT), nondestructive inspection (NDI), or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in the aerospace manufacturing, service, maintenance and overhaul industries. For the purposes of this document, the term NDT will be used and will be considered equivalent to NDI and NDE. In Europe, the term "approval" is used to denote a written statement by an employer that an individual has met specific requirements and has operating approval. The term "certification" as defined in 3.2 is used throughout this document as a substitute for the term "approval". Except when otherwise specified in the written practice, certification in accordance with this document includes operating approval. 1.2 Applicability This document applies to personnel who: - use NDT methods or equipment to test and/or accept materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies; - are directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods and equipment used; - operate automatic interpretation or evaluation systems; - approve NDT procedures or work instructions; - audit NDT facilities; or - provide technical NDT support or training. This document does not apply to individuals who only have administrative or supervisory authority over NDT personnel or to research personnel developing NDT technology for subsequent implementation and approval by a certified Level 3. See Clause 8 regarding applicability to personnel performing specialized inspections using certain direct readout instruments. Definition Automated equipment refers to machinery and systems designed to perform tasks without human intervention. In a completely automated industrial process, these systems operate independently to execute various functions. 1.2.1 Implementation This document addresses the use of a National Aerospace NDT Board (NANDTB). NANDTBs are only used as specified per Annex C and it is not mandatory to have such a board for compliance with this document. Personnel certified to previous revisions of NAS410 or EN 4179 need not recertify to the requirements of this document until their current certification expires. 1.3 Methods 1.3.1 NDT methods This document contains detailed requirements for the following NDT methods: Eddy Current Testing (ET) Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) Radiographic Testing (RT) Shearography Testing (ST) Thermographic Testing (IRT) Ultrasonic Testing (UT) 1.3.2 Other methods When invoked by engineering, quality, cognizant engineering organization or prime contractor requirements, this document applies to other current and emerging NDT methods used to determine the acceptability or suitability for intended service of a material, part, component, sub-assembly or assembly. Such methods include, but are not limited to, acoustic emission, neutron radiography, leak testing, and holography.

ISO 15548-1 specifies the characteristics of general-purpose eddy current instruments and provides methods for their measurement and verification. The evaluation of these characteristics permits a well-defined description and comparability of eddy current instruments. By careful choice of the characteristics, a consistent and effective eddy current examination system can be designed for a specific application. If necessary, this standard may be completed by an application document specifying acceptance criteria for the characteristics of the eddy current instrument. Where accessories are used, these are characterized using the principles of this part of ISO 15548-1 (e.d. additional external amplifiers).

This International Standard defines the terminology that is used in acoustic emission testing and forms a common basis for standards and general use.

This document specifies a test procedure for determination of the size of industrial radiographic gamma sources of 0,5 mm or greater, made from the radionuclides Iridium 192, Ytterbium 169, Selenium 75 or Cobalt 60, by a radiography method with X-rays. The source size of a gamma radiation source is an important factor which affects the image quality of gamma ray images. The source size is determined with an accuracy of ±10 % but typically not better than ±0,1 mm. The source size is provided by the manufacturer as the mechanical dimension of the source insert. A measurement can be required if the manufacturing process is validated or monitored after implementation of the source into the holder. This document can be used for other radionuclides after validation. The standard test method ASTM E1114 provides further information on the measurement of the Ir-192 source size, the characterization of the source shape, and its correct assembly and packaging.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1 000 kV X-ray voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The tube voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation and can be selected higher than 200 kV if digital detectors are used. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. Compared to the other methods specified in the EN 12543 series and the ISO 32543 series, this method allows to obtain an image of the focal spot and to see the state of it (e.g. cratering of the anode). This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard (macro focal spots) and mini focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” technique and evaluated with a digital method. For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the specific FS (focal spot) values of Annex A can be used.